In geology, all phenomena are considered and their effects are studied. Mountains are one of the most beautiful and influential phenomena. One of the effects of mountains on the Earth is to maintain the stability of the Earth. By studying mountains, scientists have discovered that a huge portion of mountains are located inside Earth. Everyone knows that the temperature in the core of this beautiful planet is so high that it melts rocks and metals, and it is boiling at any moment.
Such constant energy and tremendous pressures are repelled by mountains, strengthening the Earth's crust, otherwise constant earthquakes would be occurring all the time. In addition, mountains reduce the energy of the moon on Earth.
If there were no mountains, part of the Earth's crust would loosen every day due to the Moon's gravity, and over time, the entire Earth's crust would disappear.
Another feature of mountains is that they eliminate the effects of storms on the Earth. If it weren't for mountains, the entire planet would always be stormy, and the areas we now consider stormy would have worse conditions.
The characteristic of mountains is their high altitude and especially their roots, something that modern science has discovered. But it is to say that this scientific content is about 1400 years old!!!
There is a verse in the Quran that says:
An-Naba’
أَلَمۡ نَجۡعَلِ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ مِهَٰدٗا
Have We not made the earth a resting place?
وَٱلۡجِبَالَ أَوۡتَادٗا
And the mountains as stakes.
(Mountains go deep below the surface like pegs and icebergs, stabilizing the earth and slowing tectonic movement.)
An-Nahl
وَأَلۡقَىٰ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ رَوَٰسِيَ أَن تَمِيدَ بِكُمۡ وَأَنۡهَٰرٗا وَسُبُلٗا لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تَهۡتَدُونَ
And He has placed into the earth firm mountains, so it does not tremor with you, and there are rivers and pathways so that you may find your way.
The Arabic word أَوۡتَادٗا means a tent peg whose function is to maintain strength and withstand storms.​​​​​​​